Mass Defect Definition in Physics

Mass defect in physics refers to the difference between the mass of an atomic nucleus and the sum of the masses of its individual protons and neutrons. When protons and neutrons come together to form a nucleus, a tiny amount of mass is lost, and this lost mass is converted into energy according to Einstein’s famous equation:

E=mc²

This released energy is what powers nuclear reactions, such as those in the sun or in nuclear power plants. In simpler terms, mass defect is the measure of the mass that “disappears” when protons and neutrons bind together in the nucleus, and this “missing” mass is converted into the energy that holds the nucleus together.

• In nuclear power plants, the conversion of a small amount of mass into energy during nuclear fission reactions is what releases a large amount of energy, providing electricity to homes and industries.
• It contributes to the development of medical imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), which uses the conversion of mass into energy to detect abnormalities in the body.
• Mass defect is a fundamental concept in nuclear physics that contributes to our understanding of the structure of matter at the atomic and subatomic levels. This understanding, while not directly impacting daily life, forms the basis for technological innovations and scientific progress.
• Nuclear energy, which relies on the principles related to mass defect, is considered a low-carbon energy source. This aspect becomes relevant as societies explore ways to reduce carbon emissions and address environmental concerns associated with energy production.