Elastic energy operates on the principle of deformation and potential energy storage in objects capable of returning to their original shape. When an external force deforms these objects, such as springs or rubber bands, they store potential energy.
This potential energy is directly proportional to the degree of deformation and can be calculated using the elastic potential energy formula. Upon the removal of the deforming force, the stored potential energy is released, causing the object to return to its initial state.
This working principle is exemplified in everyday scenarios, like a compressed spring in a car’s shock absorber absorbing and then releasing energy to dampen sudden movements, showcasing the controlled storage and release of elastic potential energy.
Examples
- Jumping on a trampoline: Deforming the trampoline surface by jumping stretches it, storing elastic potential energy. Upon release, the surface propels you upward, converting potential energy to kinetic energy.
- Stretching and releasing a rubber band: Stretching deforms the rubber band, storing potential energy. Upon release, the band contracts rapidly, converting stored elastic potential energy to kinetic energy.
- Bungee jumping with a cord: Jumping stretches the bungee cord, storing elastic potential energy. The cord rebounds, converting stored potential energy to kinetic energy, slowing the descent.
- Door hinges closing a door: Door hinges contain springs that deform when closing. The spring-like mechanism stores elastic potential energy, aiding in the controlled closing of the door.
- Using a bow and arrow: Pulling back the bowstring deforms the bow, storing potential energy. Releasing the string allows the stored elastic potential energy to be converted into kinetic energy, propelling the arrow.
- Stretching and releasing a hairband: Stretching deforms the hairband, storing potential energy. When released, the hairband contracts, releasing stored elastic potential energy.
- Compressing and releasing a Slinky toy: Compressing or stretching the Slinky deforms the coil
